What Animals and Plants Live in Manaus Brazil

What Animals and Plants Live in Manaus Brazil

Capital letter and largest metropolis of the Brazilian state of Amazonas

Metropolis in North, Brazil

Manaus
Metropolis
Município de Manaus Municipality of Manaus
From peak to lesser and from left to correct: panoramic view of the urban center, highlighting the Arena da Amazônia; Rio Negro Bridge; Amazon Theatre; neighborhood Adrianópolis; Municipal Clock Tower; neighborhood of Ponta Negra; Meeting of Waters.
Flag Seal
Nickname(southward): A Paris dos Trópicos (The Paris of the Torrid zone); Mãe dos Deuses (Female parent of the Gods)
Motto(s): " A metrópole da Amazônia " (The city of the Amazon)
Location in the state of Amazonas
Manaus Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 03°06′Southward 60°01′W  /  iii.100°S 60.017°Westward  / -3.100; -60.017 Coordinates: 03°06′S lx°01′Due west  /  iii.100°Due south 60.017°W  / -three.100; -60.017
Country	Brazil
Region	North
Land	Amazonas
Founded	October 24, 1669
Authorities
•Mayor	David Almeida (Avante)
Area
•Metropolis	11,401.092 kmtwo (4,401.97 sq mi)
• Urban	427 kmii (165 sq mi)
Tiptop	92 m (302 ft)
Population (2022) [1]
•Metropolis	2,219,580 (7th)
• Density	191.45/kmii (450.29/sq mi)
•Metro	2,676,936 (11th)
Demonym(s)	Manauara, Manauense
Time zone	UTC−4 (AMT)
Postal lawmaking	69000-001 to 69099-999 and 69400-000 to 69899-999
Surface area lawmaking	+55 (92)
Website	www.manaus.am.gov.br

Manaus (; Portuguese: [mɐˈnaws, mɐˈnawʃ, maˈnaws] ) is the capital letter and largest city of the Brazilian country of Amazonas. It is the 7th-largest urban center in Brazil, with an estimated 2022 population of 2,219,580 distributed over a land expanse of about 11,401 km² (4,402 sq mi). Located at the east center of the state, the city is the center of the Manaus metropolitan area and the largest metropolitan area in the North Region of Brazil by urban landmass. It is situated about the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers.

The urban center was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José exercise Rio Negro. It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the proper name of "Manaus", an altered spelling of the indigenous Manaós peoples, and legally transformed into a urban center on October 24, 1848, with the name of Cidade da Barra practice Rio Negro, Portuguese for "The City of the Margins of the Black River". On September 4, 1856, information technology returned to its original name. ^[2]

Manaus is located in the heart of the earth'due south largest rainforest, and home to the National Institute of Amazonian Research, being the nearly of import center for scientific studies in the Amazon region and for international sustainability issues. ^[three] It was known at the start of the century as Heart of the Amazon and City of the Wood. ^[4] Currently, its primary economical engine is the Industrial Park of Manaus, a Costless Economic Zone. ^[5] The metropolis has a free port and an international airport. Its articles include electronics, chemical products, and soap; there are distilling and ship construction industries. Manaus also exports Brazil basics, rubber, jute, and rosewood oil. Information technology has a cathedral, opera firm, zoological and botanical gardens, an ecopark, and regional and native peoples museums. ^[6]

The Solimões and Negro rivers run across just east of Manaus and join to course the Amazon River (using the Brazilian definition of the river; elsewhere, Solimões is considered the upper part of the Amazon ^[vii] ). Prophylactic made it the richest metropolis in S America during the tardily 1800s. Safe likewise helped Manaus earn its nickname, the Paris of the Torrid zone. Many wealthy European families settled in Manaus and brought their beloved for sophisticated European art, architecture, and culture with them. Manaus was i of the twelve Brazilian host cities of the 2014 Earth Loving cup, as well equally 1 of the five subsections of the 2016 Summertime Olympics.

Etymology [ edit ]

The name Manaus comes from the native people called Manaós, which means Mother of the Gods. ^[8]

History [ edit ]

Prospectus of the Rio Negro Fortress, founded in 1669.

Early settlement of Manaus [ edit ]

The history of the European colonization of Manaus began in 1499 with the Castilian inflow at the mouth of the Amazon River. The Spanish then continued to colonize the region north of Brazil. Development continued in 1668–1669 with the edifice of the Fort of São José da Barra do Rio Negro by the Portuguese in order to ensure its predominance in the region, especially against the Dutch, at that time headquartered in what is today Suriname. The fort was constructed in rock and clay, with four cannons guarding the defunction. ^[9] It continued to part for more than 100 years. Adjacent to the fort at that place were many ethnic mestizos, who helped in its construction and began to alive in the vicinity. ^[9]

The population grew so much that, in 1695, the missionaries (Carmelite, Jesuit, Franciscan) built a nearby chapel defended as Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Our Lady of the Conception), who, in fourth dimension, became the patron saint of the city. ^[10] A Royal Lease of March 3, 1755 created the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro, with majuscule in Mariuá (at present Barcelos), but with the governor, Lobo D'Almada, fearing a Spanish invasion, the seat went back to Lugar de Barra in 1791. Being located at the confluence of the Rio Negro and Amazon Rivers, it was a strategic point. On Nov 13, 1832, Lugar da Barra was elevated to town status and named Manaus. On October 24, 1848, under Law 145 of the Provincial Assembly of Para, it was renamed City of Barra practise Rio Negro. On September four, 1856, the governor, Herculano Ferreira Pena, finally gave it the name "Manaus". ^[11]

Cabanagem [ edit ]

Eduardo Ribeiro Avenue, c.  1901.

The Cabanagem was the revolt in which blacks, Native Americans, and mestizos fought confronting the white political aristocracy and took ability in 1835. The Cabanagem reduced the population of the and then country of Grão-Pará from nearly 100,000 to 60,000. ^[12] The involvement of rebels from the Upper Amazon (Manaus today) in what was originally a movement based in Belém was crucial for the birth of the current land of the Amazon. During the brief menstruum of revolution, the Cabanos of the Upper Amazon, bands of rebels, roamed throughout the region, occupying Manaus twice, and, in most settlements, their arrival was greeted by the not-white population spontaneously joining their ranks, leading to a greater number of adherents to the movement. With that there was an integration of people in the region thus forming the state. ^[13]

Safe nail [ edit ]

Manaus was at the center of the Amazon region's safety boom during the late 19th century. For a time, information technology was "one of the gaudiest cities of the world". ^[14] Historian Robin Furneaux wrote of this period, "No extravagance, however absurd, deterred" the prophylactic barons. "If 1 rubber baron bought a vast yacht, some other would install a tame lion in his villa, and a third would water his horse on champagne." ^[15] The city built a grand opera business firm, with vast domes and gilded balconies, and using marble, glass, and crystal, from effectually Europe. The opera business firm cost ten million (public-funded) dollars. In one season, half the members of one visiting opera troupe died of yellow fever. ^[xvi] The opera firm, called the Teatro Amazonas, was effectively closed for nearly of the 20th Century. However it was used in scenes of the Werner Herzog film Fitzcarraldo (1982). After a gap of almost 90 years, it reopened to produce live opera in 1997 and is at present attracting performers from all over the world. ^[17]

When the seeds of the rubber tree were smuggled out of the Amazon region to be cultivated on plantations in Southeast Asia, ^{[Note 1]} Brazil and Peru lost their monopoly on the product. The safety blast ended abruptly, many people left its major cities, and Manaus fell into poverty. The rubber nail had made possible electrification of the city before information technology was installed on many European cities, merely the end of the rubber smash fabricated the generators too expensive to run. The urban center was not able to generate electricity once again for years. ^[17]

Free zone [ edit ]

In the 1960s during the establishment of the military dictatorship in Brazil, the newly installed regime concerned about the "demographic gap in Brazil", began to innovate numerous projects in the interior of the country, especially in the Amazon region, with the introduction of the Manaus gratuitous trade zone in 1967, ^[18] and with the opening of new roads within the region, the city had a wide period of investments in financial and economic majuscule, both national and international, attracted by the tax incentives granted by the free zone, in this period, Manaus had enormous demographic growth condign ane of the most populous cities in Brazil. ^[nineteen]

Recent events [ edit ]

Manaus was ane of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and one of the seats of some Olympic football games. ^[20] It was the but host city in the Amazon rainforest and the nearly geographically isolated, being farther n and w than any of the other host cities. A massive prison riot occurred in January 2017, having begun in Manaus and later spreading to two additional cities in Brazil, ^[21] thus unleashing security problems within the country. ^{[22] [23]}

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, an estimated 76% of the population of Manaus was infected with coronavirus, ^[24] and the possibility of herd immunity was discusssed. ^{[25] [26]} However, a second outbreak infected people in Manaus, this fourth dimension with the Lineage B.i.1.248 variant starting in early on January 2022. ^{[27] [28]}

Geography [ edit ]

The largest city in northern Brazil, Manaus occupies an area of 11,401 square kilometres (4,402 sq mi), with a density of 158.06 inhabitants per foursquare kilometre (409.4/sq mi). It is the neighboring metropolis of Presidente Figueiredo, Careiro, Iranduba, Rio Preto da Eva, Itacoatiara, and Novo Airão.

Vegetation [ edit ]

Manaus is located in the eye of the Amazon Rainforest. The Amazon represents over one-half of the planet'south remaining rainforests and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. Moisture tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. ^[29] As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests take unparalleled biodiversity. More than than ane-third of all species in the world live in the Amazon rainforest. ^[30]

Green areas [ edit ]

Anavilhas National Park ground view.

Despite existence located in the Amazon, Manaus is densely developed and has few light-green areas in the city. The largest greenish areas are:

• Mindu Park, located in the middle-south of the city, the district Park x. The Park of Mindú, established in 1989, is 1 of the largest and most visited parks of the urban center.
• Bilhares Park, established in 2005, located in the south-central region of Manaus, in the neighborhood of Planalto  [pt] ("plateau").
• Area of the dark-green hill of Aleixo, created in the 1980s, located in the east of the city and 1 of the largest urban greenish areas.
• Sumaúma Country Park, a state park located in the n of Manaus, in the New Boondocks commune. It is the smallest state park of the Brazilian Amazon Basin.
• Castanheiras Pied Tamarin Wild fauna Refuge, a 95 hectares (230 acres) refuge created in 1982 to protect a population of endangered pied tamarins.
• Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve, a biological reserve established in 1963, and roofing an surface area of 100 square kilometres (ten,000 hectares, 39 square miles). The Reserve is managed past INPA (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia—National Institute for Amazon Research).
• Office of the Anavilhanas National Park, a 350,018 hectares (864,910 acres) conservation unit that was originally an ecological station created in 1981. ^[31]
• Well-nigh 75% of the Rio Negro Left Banking concern Environmental Protection Surface area, a 611,008 hectares (1,509,830 acres) sustainable apply conservation area created in 1995. ^[32]
• The 11,930 hectares (29,500 acres) Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve, created in 2005, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) due west of the metropolis. ^[33]
• The 86,601 hectares (214,000 acres) Rio Negro State Park South Section, created in 1995, about twoscore kilometres (25 mi) past boat to the north westward of the city. ^[34]

Climate [ edit ]

Manaus has a humid tropical rainforest climate (Af) according to the Köppen climate classification system, merely moisture plenty in its driest month to non be a tropical monsoon climate, with average annual compensated temperature of 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) and high air humidity, with a rainfall index around 2,300 mm (90.6 in) annually. The seasons are relatively well defined with respect to rain: July to September is relatively dry, and December to May is very rainy. Thunderstorms are frequent every day in the summer, simply they can occur at any fourth dimension of the year. At that place take been occasional occurrences of hail in the city. ^[35]

Due to the city'southward proximity to the equator, the heat is abiding in the local climate. There are no common cold days in wintertime, and rarely very intense polar air masses in the South-Central part of Brazil and in the south-due west of the Amazon have some consequence on the city, as occurred in August 1955. Just although they are rare, they influence the climate, causing the temperature to driblet to xviii °C (64.iv °F) or below. ^[36] The proximity to the forest commonly avoids extremes of heat and makes the city wet. ^[37]

According to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the highest temperature registered in the urban center was 39 °C (102.2 °F), in 2015 and the lowest was 12 °C (53.6 °F) in 1989.

On Nov 26, 2009, a instance of acid rain was recorded in Manaus. Air pollution, caused in big part by the accumulation of smoke from called-for, associated with the carbon dioxide emitted by cars, was the cause of this phenomenon. Although the incidence of acid rain is common in some Brazilian capitals where in that location is a neat concentration of cars, in Manaus and other cities of Amazonas the situation is aggravated by the prolonged menses of drought with the smoke from forest fires. ^[38]

Climate data for Manaus (1981–2010, extremes 1872–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	April	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	October	Nov	December	Yr
Record high °C (°F)	37.0 (98.half-dozen)	37.8 (100.0)	36.2 (97.ii)	35.4 (95.7)	34.7 (94.5)	34.nine (94.8)	35.7 (96.iii)	37.6 (99.7)	38.3 (100.9)	38.ane (100.6)	38.2 (100.8)	37.three (99.1)	38.iii (100.nine)
Average loftier °C (°F)	30.9 (87.6)	30.8 (87.4)	30.ix (87.6)	31.0 (87.viii)	31.1 (88.0)	31.4 (88.5)	32.ane (89.viii)	33.i (91.6)	33.five (92.3)	33.iv (92.ane)	32.6 (ninety.seven)	31.7 (89.one)	31.9 (89.4)
Daily hateful °C (°F)	26.iii (79.3)	26.three (79.3)	26.3 (79.3)	26.iv (79.5)	26.6 (79.9)	26.seven (fourscore.1)	27.0 (80.half-dozen)	27.6 (81.seven)	28.0 (82.4)	28.0 (82.4)	27.vi (81.seven)	26.nine (80.4)	27.0 (80.six)
Average low °C (°F)	23.i (73.6)	23.1 (73.six)	23.2 (73.8)	23.2 (73.8)	23.iv (74.one)	23.0 (73.4)	23.one (73.half dozen)	23.4 (74.1)	23.7 (74.seven)	23.nine (75.0)	23.7 (74.7)	23.5 (74.iii)	23.4 (74.ane)
Record low °C (°F)	xviii.5 (65.3)	18.0 (64.4)	nineteen.0 (66.2)	18.5 (65.3)	14.3 (57.vii)	17.0 (62.six)	12.1 (53.8)	18.0 (64.4)	20.0 (68.0)	19.iv (66.9)	eighteen.3 (64.9)	nineteen.0 (66.2)	12.1 (53.8)
Boilerplate precipitation mm (inches)	287.0 (11.thirty)	295.1 (11.62)	300.0 (eleven.81)	319.0 (12.56)	246.9 (9.72)	118.iii (four.66)	75.four (2.97)	64.iii (ii.53)	76.3 (3.00)	104.1 (4.10)	169.2 (half-dozen.66)	245.6 (9.67)	ii,301.two (ninety.60)
Boilerplate atmospheric precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	19	18	nineteen	18	16	11	vii	7	6	viii	11	15	155
Average relative humidity (%)	86.iv	86.0	86.9	86.8	85.6	83.1	80.2	78.four	77.2	78.i	80.seven	84.2	82.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours	112.7	93.4	95.8	107.iii	144.2	186.eight	218.5	215.vii	183.8	158.1	140.0	118.five	ane,774.8
Source 1: Brazilian National Found of Meteorology (INMET) (climatological normals from 1981-2010; [39] (temperature extremes: 1961-present). [40] [41]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (tape highs and lows) [42]

Hydrology [ edit ]

The urban area covers all or role of four river basins, all tributaries of the Rio Negro. The São Raimundo and Educandos streams are completely contained in the city. The Tarumã Açu forms the western purlieus of the metropolis in its lower reaches, and is fed by several tributaries that originate in the Ducke Reserve and run through the north and west of the city. The Puraquequara forms the east boundary of the urban area in its lower section. ^[43]

Demographics [ edit ]

Manaus Region seen from Infinite in 2022.

Co-ordinate to the IBGE in 2022, there were two,182,763 people residing in the city, and 2,676,936 people in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus. The population density was 191.45 inhabitants per square kilometre (495.ix/sq mi).

Racial limerick	2010 [44]
Mixed	63.83%
White	26.59%
Black	4.xx%
Asian	1.15%
Amerindian	0.22%

• Full population: two,145,444 inhabitants (87% urban, 13% rural, 52.07% women and 47.93% men)
• Population density: 158.06 inhabitants per square kilometre (409.4/sq mi)

Manaus is the 7th largest city in Brazil, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Brasília, Fortaleza and Belo Horizonte.

The city's population growth is above the national average, and ten% in a higher place the average for the capital (Brasilia). Most of the population is located in the N and East regions of the city, and the New Town (northern area) the neighborhood is the nigh populous, with more than 260,000 residents.

Co-ordinate to the results of the last census, the urban center's population increased from 343,038 inhabitants in 1960 to 622,733 in 1970. By 1990, the population grew to one,025,979 inhabitants, increasing its density to 90 inhabitants per square kilometre (230/sq mi).

According to a 2013 genetic report, the ancestry of the inhabitants of Manaus is 45.9% European, 37.8% Native American, and 16.3% African. ^[45]

Religion [ edit ]

The metropolis has been influenced by Catholicism since the time of European colonialism, and the majority of Manauenses are Catholic—in that location are nevertheless dozens of different Protestant denominations in the city. Judaism, Candomblé, Islam, and spiritualism, among others, are also practised. ^[9] The metropolis'due south Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora da Conceição is the seat of the Roman Cosmic Archdiocese of Manaus.

The metropolis has a very diverse presence of Protestant or Reformed faiths, such as the Presbyterian Church, Calvary Chapel, For Christ International Church of Grace of God, Pentecostal Church of God in Brazil, Methodist Church building, the Anglican Episcopal Church, the Baptist Church, an Assembly of God Church building, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, and the Jehovah's Witnesses amid others. These churches are experiencing considerable growth, mainly in the outskirts of the city. The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints besides has a large presence, with a LDS temple having been built in the city, the sixth in Brazil. ^[46]

Districts and regions [ edit ]

Metropolitan region [ edit ]

The Metropolitan Region of Manaus (RMM) is a metropolitan expanse that comprises 8 cities of the Amazonas country, but without conurbation.

Regions [ edit ]

Manaus is divided into seven regions: Northward, Southern, Primal-Due south, Eastward, West, Mid-West, and Rural area. The eastern region of the city is the most populated, with approximately 600,000 inhabitants (2007). ^[47] The northern region of the city has had the highest rate of population growth in recent years, and has the largest neighborhood of the city, the Nova Cidade neighborhood. The Center-South region has the highest per capita income. ^[48] The Eastern Zone is known for having a big number of hills.

Neighborhoods [ edit ]

The first neighborhood (bairro) established in Manaus was Educandos. From there, other areas of the city began to be occupied, with the arrival of migrants from other regions of Brazil.

Manaus has the largest neighborhood of Latin America, the neighborhood of Cidade Nova, which has 264,449 inhabitants, simply it is estimated that the population exceeds 300,000 inhabitants. Cidade Nova is larger than all the cities inside the Amazonas state. ^[49] With the permanence and the strengthening of Gratis Economic Zone of Manaus, the city began to receive investments and constant migration of people from many parts of the state and northern Brazil.

The wealthiest neighborhood in Manaus is Adrianópolis, located in the Central-South Area of the city. Downtown Manaus is located in the Southern area of the metropolis, next to Rio Negro River. After years of development, the historical middle has been neglected by the authorities and information technology has become an area generally for commerce and poor housing. In that location is a programme to restore the city centre to its former glory by removing beggars and irregular sellers from sidewalks and past doing that provide more prophylactic for tourists and locals who are trying to walk in the historical areas of the city. All these plans were prompted by the 2014 World Cup.

Economy [ edit ]

Mario Ypiranga Avenue, financial center of Manaus

Aleixo neighborhood in Manaus

Manaus is the sixth-largest economy in Brazil. Co-ordinate to IBGE in 2014, its GDP was R$67,5 billion. ^[50] The per capita income for the city was R$33,446. ^[51] Although the main manufacture of Manaus through much of the 20th century was condom, its importance has declined. Given its location, fish, wild fruits like Açaí and Cupuaçu, and Brazil basics initiate up important trades, as practice petroleum refining, soap manufacturing, and chemical industries. Over the terminal decades, a system of federal investments and tax incentives has turned the surrounding region into a major industrial center (the Gratuitous Economic Zone of Manaus).

The mobile phone companies LG, Nokia, Samsung, Siemens, Sagem, Gradiente, and BenQ-Siemens operate mobile phone manufacturing plants in Manaus. ^{[52] [53]} Plastic lens manufacturer Essilor too has a plant here. The Brazilian sport utility vehicle manufacturer Amazon Veiculos is headquartered in Manaus. ^[54] Two airlines, MAP Linhas Aéreas and Manaus Aerotáxi, have headquarters on the grounds of Eduardo Gomes International Aerodrome in Manaus. ^{[55] [56]}

Complimentary Merchandise Zone [ edit ]

The initial idea of a Free Trade Port in Manaus came from Deputy Francisco Pereira da Silva and was subsequently formalized by Law No. three.173 on June 6, 1957. The project was canonical by the National Congress on October 23, 1951, under No. 1.310 and regulated by Decree No. 47.757 on February 2, 1960. It was and so amended past rapporteur Maurício Jopper, engineer, who past understanding with the original author, justified the creation of a Free Merchandise Zone instead of a Costless Trade Port.

For the first ten years, the ZFM (Manaus Complimentary Trade Zone) was located in a warehouse rented from Manaus Harbour, in the Port of Manaus, and relied on federal funds. It was perhaps due to this lack of its own resources that there was little brownie in the project. On February 28, 1967, President Castello Branco signed Decree-Constabulary No. 288, which redefined the Manaus Free Merchandise Zone in more than concrete terms. The new Prescript-Law stipulated that the Manaus Free Trade Zone would have a radius of ten km (half dozen.2 mi) with an industrial center equally well as an agronomical center and that these would be given the economic means to permit for regional development in order to elevator the Amazon out of the economical isolation that information technology had fallen into at that time.

On Baronial 28, 1967, the Manaus Free Trade Zone Authority, SUBFRAME, was created. SUBFRAME is an independent body with its own legal status and assets and having financial and administrative autonomy. Tax incentives and the subsequent complementary legislation created comparative advantages in the region with respect to other parts of the country and as a result the Manaus Gratis Trade Zone attracted new investment to the expanse. These incentives constituted tax exemptions administered federally past SUBFRAME and SUDAM.

Government and politics [ edit ]

This section needs expansion. Yous tin can help by calculation to it. (September 2022)

There is a prison, Anisio Jobim Penitentiary Circuitous. ^[57]

Education, scientific discipline and technology [ edit ]

Amazon Biotechnology Centre

Manaus has research centers, technology and public and individual universities.

• Federal University of Amazonas—Universidade Federal practice Amazonas;
• University of the State of Amazonas—Universidade do Estado do Amazonas;
• National Constitute of Amazonian Inquiry—Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia;
• Sidia Institute of Science and Technology—Sidia Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia;
• Federal Institute of Education, Scientific discipline and Technology—Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência east Tecnologia exercise Amazonas;
• Centro Universitário practise Norte—UNINORTE;
• Lutheran University of Brazil—Universidade Luterana do Brasil;
• Centro de Educação Integrada Martha Falcão;
• Unilasalle—Faculdade La Salle;
• Universidade Nilton Lins;
• Centro Universitário de Educação Superior do Amazonas—CIESA;
• Escola Superior Batista do Amazonas;
• Faculdade Boas Novas;
• Faculdade Metropolitana de Manaus;
• Universidade Paulista.

Transportation [ edit ]

Airports [ edit ]

Eduardo Gomes International Airport is the airport serving Manaus. The airport has two passenger terminals, one for scheduled flights and the other for regional aviation. It too has three cargo terminals.

Eduardo Gomes International Airport is Brazil's third largest in freight motility, ^[58] handling the import and consign demand from the Manaus Industrial Circuitous. For this reason, Infraero invested in construction of the third cargo terminal, opened on December 14, 2004. TAM Airlines too inaugurated their own cargo terminal virtually the airport in 2008, which claims to be their largest cargo terminal in Brazil. The country'due south major dedicated freight route is betwixt Manaus and Viracopos International Airport, which is operated by wide-trunk jets. Other freight routes include North America and Europe.

The passenger terminal had been fully refurbished and expanded in time for the 2014 FIFA Football World Loving cup, which held iv games in Manaus. The airport currently operates daily international flights to Miami and Orlando, United States, by American Airlines and LATAM Airlines Brasil; to the city of Panama, past Copa Airlines; and to Barcelona, Venezuela, past Avior Airlines. The airdrome has directly flights to all major airports in Brazil, operated past the three major carriers: Gol Transportes Aéreos, TAM Airlines, and Azul Brazilian Airlines. The airport's IATA lawmaking is MAO.

Manaus Air Strength Base of operations - ALA8, one of their well-nigh of import bases of the Brazilian Air Force, is located in Manaus at the former Ponta Pelada Airdrome.

Apart from the Eduardo Gomes International Drome and Ponta Pelada Airport, Manaus still has an operational airstrip used by small propeller aircraft and helicopters nigh 6 kilometres (4 miles) north of the city centre, just known as the "Aeroclube" ("airclub"). On Sundays, it is used for parachuting and where flying classes tin be hired. Due to the fact that information technology is surrounded by residential areas, and has a recent history of crashes, it is under constant pressure to be moved.

Highways [ edit ]

In that location are ii federal highways that intersect Manaus. There is a paved road heading Northward (BR-174) connecting Manaus to Boa Vista, capital of the State of Roraima and to Venezuela. Strictly speaking, Manaus is continued by route to the residuum of Brazil, equally it is possible to drive continuously from Manaus into Venezuela, and then reenter Brazil through the BR-364 in the country of Acre and its upper-case letter, Rio Branco, therefore passing through the countries of Republic of colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Every bit such a route is impractical for most motorists, the vast bulk of transportation to and from Manaus is by boat or aeroplane, except for journeys to Roraima. The Independent noted that "in that location are still no roads to Manaus" from the rest of the country. ^[59]

The BR-319 heads Due south connecting Manaus to Porto Velho, the country capital of Rondônia. However, the admission to this highway requires a ferry crossing to Careiro, beyond the Rio Negro and River Amazon, which takes nearly twoscore minutes, and then is just paved for about some other 100 km (62 mi) to Castanho. Subsequently that, the highway is non paved, and cannot exist used. Diverse governments have promised to recover this land-link with the rest of the country, but environmental problems, loftier costs and complicated logistics have impeded any progress so far.

The two major country highways are the AM-010 and the AM-070. The AM-010 heads eastward, to Itacoatiara, Amazonas at the banks of the Amazon River, which is the 3rd largest city of the state. The AM-070 heads due south, starting on the other side of the new bridge spanning the Rio Negro at Manaus, and reaching Manacapuru, which lies at the banks of the Solimoes River, also known as the upper River Amazon, and which is the fourth largest metropolis of the state. Both roads are paved and operate all year round.

Port [ edit ]

Ships dock at the main port in Manaus directly downtown on the banks of the Negro River. The terraced city is home to a network of bridged channels that divide it into several compartments. Several mobile phone companies have manufacturing plants in the port area, and other major electronics manufacturers also accept plants in that location. Major exports going through the port include Brazil nuts, chemicals, petroleum, electrical equipment, and forest products.^{[ citation needed ]}

Taxis [ edit ]

Regular Manaus taxis are white and can be stopped anywhere. They are organized into separate cooperatives, each with their ain contact phone numbers. All taxis are metered, which does non necessarily hateful the meter volition be used.

The 'especial' taxi cars are typically black and of a higher quality than the white taxis, and will charge a stock-still charge per unit for all journeys or daily rent. Almost can only be booked locally; still, the reputable Brazil Airdrome Transfers ^[60] has recently started providing airport transfer and general transportation services in Manaus.

Bus [ edit ]

The bus organization in Manaus is quite extensive and in that location are buses and vans that go to about destinations, including the popular tourist destinations. There is a very simple bus website that permits planning of routes.

Panorama of the Rio Negro Span, which connects the cities of Manaus and Iranduba. Information technology is the longest cablevision-stayed bridge in Brazil, being three,595 meters (11,794 ft) in length.

Events and holidays [ edit ]

A float at Manaus Carnival, 2016.

The annual calendar of festivals in Manaus starts in tardily February / early on March. The Manaus funfair (carnaval) celebrations are a good start to upcoming events and include traditional processions and samba dancing at the Sambódromo in the Centro de Convenções (Convention Centre). May is a popular time to pay a visit to Manaus, since the city hosts both the Ponta Negra Music and the Amazonas de Opera festivals during this month. Staged at the Teatro Amazonas, the Opera Festival lasts around three weeks and usually runs into early June. The Floclorico do Amazonas (Amazonas Folklore Festival) is in June, and this has grown to become a major issue, involving a huge array of folk dancing and music, culminating in the Procissao Fluvial de São Pedro (St. Peter River Procession), when hundreds of riverboats sail along the Rio Negro, honouring the patron saint of fishermen.

October 24 was the mean solar day in 1848 that Manaus legally became a metropolis. This ceremony is always cause for a party, culminating in fireworks at the end of the day. In November is the calendar week-long Amazonas Film Festival, with films and documentaries often emphasising ecology, ethnology and human relationships. ^[61]

• February—Amazonas Carnival—samba schools parade at the "sambódromo" in the Convention Eye
• May—Ponta Negra's Music Festival
• May—Amazonas Opera Festival
• June—Amazonas Folklore Festival
• June 29—São Pedro Fluvial Procession
• July—Amazonas Jazz Festival
• September 5—Elevation of Amazonas to the category of Brazilian Province
• Oct 24—Anniversary of Manaus
• Dec 31—Ponta Negra'southward New Year's Eve Political party

Sights and attractions [ edit ]

Considering of Manaus' location within the Amazon rainforest, it attracts a substantial number of Brazilian and foreign tourists, who come to come across wild fauna on land and in the rivers. It is also home to one of the most endangered primates in Brazil, the pied tamarin.

Tour boats leave Manaus to see the Meeting of the Waters, where the black waters of the Negro River encounter the chocolate-brown waters of the Solimoes River, flowing side by side without mixing for about 9 km (vi mi). Visitors tin too explore river banks and "igarapes", swim and canoe in placid lakes, simply walk in the lush forest or stay at hotels in the jungle.

About 18 km (eleven mi) from downtown is Ponta Negra embankment, a neighbourhood that has a beachfront and popular nightlife area. ^[63] A luxurious hotel is located at the west terminate of Ponta Negra; its zoo and orchid greenhouse every bit well as preserved woods and beach are open for public visits.

The Mercado Adolpho Lisboa, founded in 1882, is the city'southward oldest marketplace, trading in fruit, vegetables, and especially fish. It is a re-create of the Les Halles market of Paris. ^[64] Other interesting historical sites include the customs building, of mixed styles and medieval inspiration; the Rio Negro Palace cultural centre; and the Justice Palace, correct adjacent to the Amazonas Opera House.

Manaus has too many large parks with native wood preservation areas, such as the Bosque da Ciência and Parque do Mindú. The largest urban forest in the earth is located within the Federal University of Amazonas, which was founded on January 17, 1909 and is the oldest federal university in Brazil.

Manaus also has several Malls such every bit Manauara Shopping, Amazonas Shopping Center, Millennium Shopping, Shopping Ponta Negra, Studio 5 Festival Mall, Shopping Cidade Nova, Manaus Plaza Shopping, Shopping Sao José, and other minor Shopping Areas. Nigh of these malls include big food courts and motion-picture show theaters.

The city's cultural calendar throughout the twelvemonth includes the Opera, Theater, Jazz, and Cinema festivals, as well as Boi Manaus (ordinarily held around Manaus' anniversary on the 24th of October), which is a neat celebration of Northern Brazilian culture through Boi-Bumbá music.

Amazonas Opera House [ edit ]

The Amazonas Opera House, inaugurated in 1896, has 700 seats and was constructed with bricks brought from Europe, French glass, and Italian marble. Several important opera and theater companies, equally well equally international orchestras, have already performed in that location. The theater is home to the Amazonas Philharmonic orchestra which regularly rehearses and performs there along with choirs, jazz bands, trip the light fantastic toe performances, and more. ^[65]

Parks [ edit ]

Ponta Negra Cultural, Sport, and Leisure Park

Ponta Negra beach, located xiii km (8.one mi) from downtown Manaus, is ane of the city's most important tourist attractions. It too has an amphitheater with capacity for xv.000 people.

Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden

The Adolpho Ducke Botanical Garden, inside a 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) ecological reserve, holds a huge number of plant and animal species. ^[66]

Mindu Municipal Park

Cruise ship on the Negro River on the style to the city of Manaus.

Information technology is located in an urban surface area, in the November x Park district. It was created in 1992 to be an expanse of ecological interest. Information technology covers an area of 330,000 mⁱⁱ (iii,552,090 sq ft) of wood remaining from the Township, and is used for scientific, educational, cultural and tourist activities. Information technology is ane of the terminal habitats for the pied tamarin, a species of monkey that merely inhabits the Manaus region and is considered to be at high take a chance of extinction. It is possible to walk through 4 distinct ecosystems in the park: land covered by secondary growth, firm ground brush, sandbanks and degraded areas that were illegally cleared in 1989. It also has an amphitheater for 600 people, gardens planted with medicinal and aromatic herbs, orchid plant nursery, aerial trails, and signs aiming to develop environmental education programs. ^[67]

Public swimming areas [ edit ]

The Tarumã, Tarumãzinho, and Cachoeira das Almas bayous (branches of rivers), located near the city, are leisure spots for the population on weekends. Manaus has several public swimming areas that are being remodeled and urbanized lately. In that location are also many private clubs that can be visited.

Meeting of Waters [ edit ]

This natural phenomenon is caused by the confluence of the Negro River's dark h2o and the Solimões River'due south muddy chocolate-brown water that come up together to form the Amazonas River. For 6 km (3.seven mi) or more, both rivers waters run adjacent without mixing. The reason for this is not clear, although it is likely that the main factors are differences in the speed of the current, the volumes of h2o and the different densities of the 2 rivers. It is non thought that other differences between the 2 rivers (temperature and acidity) affect the mixing process significantly. ^[68] The Negro River flows approximately 2 km/h (1.two mph) at 28 °C (82 °F), while the Solimões River flows 4 to 6 km/h (two.5 to 3.seven mph) at 22 °C (72 °F). ^[69]

CIGS Zoo [ edit ]

The zoo is open to the public. It is managed by the Brazilian Army and has approximately 300 species of animals from the Amazon brute. ^[lxx]

Beaches and waterfalls [ edit ]

For outings to beaches and parks situated almost the urban center, it is often necessary to use boats. The beaches are formed correct after the river water level starts dropping, which lasts from August to November. Starting in December, as the river rises, the waters invade the sand and the woods on the banks. The Paricatuba Waterfall, located on the correct bank of the Negro River, along a small tributary, is formed by sedimentary rocks, surrounded by abundant vegetation. Access is past boat. The best time to visit is from August to February. Love Cascade located in the Guedes bayou, with cold and crystal clear water, is accessible simply by gunkhole and, then, hiking through the woods.

Tupé Beach is approximately 34 km (21 mi) from Manaus. This embankment is well frequented by bathers on holidays and weekends. Information technology is accessible only by boat. Moon Beach is located on the left bank of the Negro River, 23 km (14 mi) from Manaus. It is accessed simply by boat. The embankment is shaped like a crescent moon and is surrounded past rare vegetation. Panthera leo waterfall is located on km 34 of the AM-010 highway (Manaus-Itacoatiara).

Ponta Negra Beach in 2014.

Sports [ edit ]

Football [ edit ]

The most successful club in Manaus is Nacional Futebol Clube, founded on 13 January 1913. Formerly a participant of the highest division several times between 1970 and 1990, Nacional are twoscore-time state champions, which makes them the highest ranked Amazonian football club in the CBF ranking, the national state championships tape holder, and the state record holder for the virtually title titles.

The city'south other clubs are Atlético Rio Negro Clube, likewise founded in 1913, merely in November, the 2d largest holder of state titles; and National Fast Club, founded after a split up from Nacional Clube, winning six state championships, in addition to being Northern Region champions and Northeastern Championship runner-up in 1970.

There city's 4th club is São Raimundo EC, founded on November xviii, 1918. Currently in Serie D, they played in the Second Division until 2006 when they were relegated. They are 7-times country champions and 3-time North Cup champions.

2014 FIFA World Cup [ edit ]

Manaus was chosen in 2009 to be a host city for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, later a contest to correspond the Northward Region of Brazil with neighboring Pará land uppercase, Belém.

Manaus was restructured in order to host such a big upshot. A new airport was built, streets throughout the city were repaved and new and improved sidewalks were built. The communications infrastructure of the city was improved with 4G networks installed by the biggest mobile telephone carriers in Brazil.

The Vivaldão, previously the largest stadium in Manaus, was inaugurated in 1970 by the Brazilian national team in their last game in the state before they headed to their victorious 1970 in United mexican states. It was demolished to be replaced by the 44,000 seater Arena Amazônia for the 2014 Globe Cup. ^[71]

The offset 2014 World Cup lucifer held in Manaus was England vs Italy on June 14. The 2d match was Cameroon vs Croatia on June 18, to be followed by U.s. vs Portugal on June 22. The last was Republic of honduras vs Switzerland on June 25. Manaus, known for its intense heat and humidity, was the site of the Globe Cup's first ever official water pause on June 22 in the match between Portugal and the The states.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu [ edit ]

Manaus is the origin of several world-champion Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belts, mixed martial artists and submission grapplers. Champions such as Fredson Paixão, Wallid Ismail, Saulo Ribeiro, Cristiane De Souza, Alexandre Ribeiro, Ronaldo Souza, and Bibiano Fernandes hail from Manaus. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a major component of MMA (mixed martial arts). José Aldo (born September 9, 1986) is a black-belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and notable UFC fighter. Aldo defeated Mike Chocolate-brown at WEC 44 to win the championship and has since successfully defended his WEC title against Urijah Faber & Manvel Gamburyan. He later became the UFC Featherweight champion, with title defenses confronting such notable fighters every bit Marker Hominick and Kenny Florian.

International relations [ edit ]

Twin towns – sister cities [ edit ]

Manaus is twinned with:

Belém , Brazil Goiânia , Brazil Rio de Janeiro , Brazil Austin, Texas , United States [72] Table salt Lake Metropolis, Utah , U.s.a. Charlotte, North Carolina , United States Mesa, Arizona , United States Sarnia , Canada Iquitos , Peru

Notable people [ edit ]

• Adrino Aragão, brusque story author
• Elisio de Albuquerque, picture show role player
• Fredson Paixão, 4× BJJ world champion, UFC & WEC Featherweight (MMA)
• José Aldo, UFC featherweight champion
• Helder Agostini, thespian
• Arthur Autran, screenwriter, producer, director
• Gabriel Azevedo, television set histrion
• Djalma Limongi Batista, manager, cinematographer, producer
• Wirlesson Falcão, youth ambassador to the U.S.
• Diego Brandão, Ultimate Fighter Season 14 featherweight winner
• Antonio Calmon, screenwriter
• Vinicius Cantuária, bossa nova musician
• Violeta Cavalcanti, actress
• Luiz de Miranda Correa, screenwriter, director, producer and composer
• Cristiane De Souza, 3X BJJ world champion, MMA competitor
• Bibiano Fernandes, jiu-jitsu competitor
• Oscar Felipe, actor
• Marcelo Gomes, primary dancer with American Ballet Theatre
• Milton Hatoum, author
• Wallid Ismail, jiu-jitsu black belt, UFC competitor
• Darcyana Moreno Izel, film/television receiver director, producer and animator
• Roberto Kahane, film director
• Francisco Lima Govinho, football player
• Cesar Manaus, player
• Priscilla Meirelles, Miss Brazil Earth 2004, Miss Earth 2004
• Cosme Alves Neto, histrion
• Mister No, comic book character
• Olga Nobre, actress
• Cristiano Moraes Oliveira, football role player
• Fábio Pereira de Oliveira, known as Fábio Bala, Brazilian football player
• Jefferson Peres, politician
• Antônio Pizzonia, Formula ane and Champion Car World Serial driver
• Eliana Printes, MPB singer and composer
• Larissa Ramos, Miss Brazil Earth 2009, Miss World 2009
• Saulo Ribeiro, jiu-jitsu world champion
• Xande Ribeiro, jiu-jitsu world champion
• Carlos Frederico Rodrigues, screenwriter, director, producer and composer
• Malvino Salvador, actor
• Cláudio Santoro, conductor and composer of classical music
• Márcio Souza, author and novelist
• Ronaldo Souza, jiu-jitsu world champion, ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship and UFC competitor

Explanatory notes [ edit ]

1. ^ For an account, see The Thief at the End of the Globe: Rubber, Ability, and the Seeds of Empire, by Joe Jackson.

References [ edit ]

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General bibliography [ edit ]

External links [ edit ]

• Official website (in Portuguese)

What Animals and Plants Live in Manaus Brazil

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaus